نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تجاری‌سازی فضا بسیار سریعتر از آنچه که انتظار می‌رفت در حال انجام است. این در حالیست که در حقوق فضا به‌واسطة سهم معاهدات پنج‌گانه در مقطع زمانی انعقاد و تصویبشان، به ابعاد تجاری فضا کمتر توجهی شده، فلذا منطق مناسبات بین‌المللی ایجاب می‌نماید که به نسبت این روند رو به رشد، مقررات فضا نیز توسعه پیدا کنند. عدم همگامی مقررات با توسعة فعالیتهای تجاری، در اتخاذ قوانین الزام‌آور چالش‌هایی را به رُخ جامعه بین‌المللی می‌کشاند که این امر سبب شده تا خود کشورها اقدام به تنظیم‌گری این حوزه برای مواجه با نیازهای فعالان تجاری داخلی نمایند. توسعة استفاده‌های تجاری از فضا نظیر گردشگری فضایی، حمل‌و‌نقل فضایی، استحصال منابع طبیعی، لزوم تنظیم، به‌روزرسانی و شفافیت مقررات خصوصاً در زمینه‌هایی نظیر مالکیت دارایی‌ها (اعم از عین، منافع و مالکیت معنوی)، تأمین مالی دارایی‌های فضایی و معدن‌کاوی فضایی را ضروری نموده است که مقالة حاضر ضمن برشمردن ضرورت‌ها و راهبردهای اساسی این حوزه در کنار حقوق نرم و اقدامات کارگزاران متعدد حقوق فضا به‌عنوان یکی از راه‌های عملی تنظیم‌گری فعالیت‌های فضایی، مقررات موجود نظیر پروتکل فضایی منضم به کنوانسیون کیپ تاون در خصوص سرمایه‌گذاری در صنعت فضایی را تبیین می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Commercial Space Activity Law: Necessities and Strategies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roohollah Rahami 1
  • Hamid Heidaree 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student, Department of International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Commercialization of space is happening much faster than expected. However, in space law, due to the share of the five treaties at the time of their conclusion and ratification, less attention has been paid to the commercial dimensions of space, so the logic of international relations requires that space regulations be developed in proportion to this growing trend. The non-conformity of regulations with the development of business activities poses challenges to the international community in adopting binding laws, which has led countries to regulate this area to meet the needs of domestic business actors. The development of commercial uses of space such as space tourism, space transportation, natural resource exploitation, the need for rules, updating and transparency of regulations, especially in areas such as property ownership (both real and intellectual), financing of space assets, and space mining is essential. The present article, while enumerating the basic needs and strategies in this field along with soft laws and the actions of various space law actors as one of the practical ways of regulating space activities, explains the existing regulations such as the space protocol to the Cape Town Convention on investment in the space industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Development of Commercial Activities
  • Space Law
  • Property Law
  • Space Tourism
  • Natural Resources Exploitation
  • Environmental Considerations
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