نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشکده ی حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
4 دانشجوی دوره ی دکترای حقوق خصوصی دانشکده ی حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
حجم حمل مسافر از طریق دریا به لحاظ امنیت بالا و هزینه اندک، بیشتر از سایر طرق حمل می‌باشد. به جهت همین حجم گسترده وضع قواعد و کنوانسیونهای بین المللی لازم بود. در این راستا اولین کنوانسیون در سال 1961 تحت عنوان قواعد بروکسل تدوین شد. این کنوانسیون با استقبال دولتها مواجه نشد و به همین جهت کنوانسیون آتن 1974 پیش بینی گردید. این کنوانسیون در راستای افزایش مسؤلیت متصدی حمل‌ونقل و حمایت بیشتر از مسافر، مسؤلیت مندرج در کنوانسیون بروکسل را کاملاً متحول نمود. با این حال سیر تحول مقررات ناظر بر حمل هوایی، دولتها را بر آن داشت که مقررات ناظر بر حمل دریایی مسافر را نیز تغییر دهند. پس از چند تلاش بی نتیجه نهایتاً پروتکل اصلاحی 2002 لندن به کنوانسیون آتن الحاق شد. این پروتکل مسؤلیت متصدی حمل و نقل را شدیدتر نمود. در این پژوهش تغییرات صورت گرفته در کنوانسیون آتن و پروتکل اصلاحی لندن و چرایی آن مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. نهایتاً ملاحظه می گردد که مبنای مسؤلیت به محض تغییر یافته است و این تحول به جهت یکسان شدن با احکام ناظر بر حمل هوایی مسافر بوده است. با عنایت به این تحولات تغییر مقررات داخلی ناظر بر حمل دریایی مسافر، ضروری می‌نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The development of rules governing the Passengers transportation by sea under the Athens Convention 1974 and the London Amendment Protocol 2002
نویسندگان [English]
- Parviz Ameri 1
- Habib Talebahmadi 2
- Ali Rezaee 3
- Erfan Khosravani 4
1 Assistant professor at faculty of law, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Private and Islamic Law Department, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Ph.D. Student in Private Law, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Passenger transportation by sea is more than other modes by considering of safety and cost. Due to this large volume, the codification of international rules and conventions were required. In this regard, the first convention was drafted in 1961 under the Brussels Rules. This convention was not welcomed by the states and therefore the 1974 Athens Convention was envisaged. In order to increase the carrier's liability and to provide more protection to the passenger, this convention completely changed the basis and extent of liability contained in the Brussels Convention. However, the evolution of regulations of air transportation has led governments to change the rules governing to passenger transportation by sea. After several unsuccessful attempts, the 2002 London Amendment Protocol was finally incorporated into the Athens Convention. This protocol intensified the carrier's liability. This article examines the changes made to the Athens Convention and the London Amendment Protocol and reasons of these changes. Finally, it will be seen that the basis of liability has been changed to absolute and the reason of these changes is unification with the rules governing to air transportation of passenger. According to these developments, the changing of the internal regulations governing maritime passenger transport is necessary.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Carrier
- The Basis of Liability
- Passenger
- Cabin Luggage
- Athens Convention
کاظمی، حمید، مسؤلیت شرکت‌‌های هواپیمایی در حقوق تطبیقی، چاپ اول (تهران: انتشارات خرسندی، 1394).
- نجفی اسفاد، مرتضی، حقوق دریایی، چاپ سوم (تهران، انتشارات سمت، 1390).
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