Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 student
2 دانشگاه تهران
3 Tehran University
Abstract
Today, one of the national and international problems in the field of sports competitions is the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. To combat this, several measures have been taken, the most important of which is the establishment of the principle of strict liability for athletes who commit doping.
The aforementioned principle has a wide scope, in such a way that its scope is wide in various aspects: subject matter, mentality, degree of impact, method of intervention. From a subject matter perspective, the mere presence of performance-enhancing substances in an athlete's body does not lead to disqualification of the athlete, but rather eleven violations as described in the World Anti-Doping Code lead to disqualification. In terms of mentality, it is not only the intentional act that causes the violation, but even if an athlete has completely unintentionally, mistakenly, banned substances enter into his body, he is subject to the aforementioned principle. In terms of the degree of effect, it does not matter whether the stimulants improve the athlete's performance or have no effect. In any case, the responsibility is fulfilled. Of course, exceptional cases, such as medical exemptions (TUE) will result in the exempting athlete being held liable.
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