Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Tourism is the third largest generator of jobs and investment industry after oil and automotive industries. Tourism industry is among new domains which is being supported through the body of intellectual property rights in terms of literary and artistic property as well as industrial property. Nowadays, various issues relating to intellectual property in the tourism industry can develop this sector and attract more tourists. Therefore, considering these issues as traditional cultural expression (folklore), architecture works, geographical indications and trademarks has been very common and popular. Like other industries, tourism has related goods and services. It also has a lot of major and various factors influencing this industry. These factors might be based on attractiveness and competitiveness. (Such as brands tourist destinations). This paper attempts to answer these questions: What is the role of intellectual property rights in protection and competitiveness of the tourism industry? Can this legal regime provide opportunities and adequate protection measures to increase productivity and fair competition for stakeholders in the industry? To answer these questions, this article analyses the capacities of the existing intellectual property system in the framework of folklore, architecture works, geographical indication, and collective marks in order to protecting artistic and cultural tourism, agricultural (rural) tourism and health tourism as well as development of tourism destination brand.

Keywords

- الماسی، نجاد ­علی و حبیبی، بهنام (1389)، «شیوه­های حمایت از جلوه­های حقوق فرهنگ عامه (حقوق فولکلور)»، فصلنامه حقوق، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، دوره 40، شماره 1.
- امامی، اسدالله (1390)، حقوق مالکیت صنعتی، تهران، نشر میزان.
- خدمتگذار، محسن (1390)، فلسفه مالکیت فکری، تهران، نشر میزان.
- غلام­دخت، سمیرا و زاهدی، مهدی (1392)، «بررسی ایجاد بستر مناسب حمایت از طب سنتی در نظام حقوق مالکیت فکری»، فصلنامه حقوق پزشکی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، سال هفتم، شماره 24.
- کلمبه، کلود (1390)، اصول بنیادین حقوق مؤلف و حقوق مجاور در جهان، ترجمه علیرضا محمد زاده وادقانی، تهران، نشر میزان.
- کیقبادی، مرضیه و همکاران (1387)، «از صنایع فرهنگی تا صنایع خلاق»، اداره کل تبلیغات اسلامی قم، پروژه تدوین سند توسعه صنایع فرهنگی استان قم، اندیشکده صنعت و فناوری (آصف).
- گل شیری، زهرا و همکاران (1393)، «تبیین چرخه الگوی توسعه گردشگری سلامت در مناطق روستایی ایران (با تأکید بر چشمه­های آبگرم)»، مجله برنامه­ریزی و توسعه گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، سال سوم، شماره 11. 
- میرحسینی، سید حسن (1385)، حقوق نشانه­های جغرافیایی، تهران، نشر میزان.
 - Braun, Patrice, (2012): »Creating Value to tourism products through tourism networks and clusters: uncovering destination value chains«, Center for Regional Innovation and Competitiveness, University of Ballarat, Australia.
- C.Hall, Michael and Allen, Williams, (2008): »Tourism and Innovation«, https://books.google.com.
- Celamiresi, Miresi, (2013): »The Macrotheme Review: An Overview on Intellectual Property Rights Protections and Benefits«, A.Xhuavi University.
- Coombe, Rosemary.J, Steven Schnoor & Mohsen Ahmed, (2007): »Bearing Cultural Distinction: Informational Capitalism and New Expectations for Intellectual Property«, University of California, Davis, Vol. 40:89.
- Daciana Bolos, Mihaela, (2013): »Intellectual Property as a Drive for Sustainable Medical Tourism-The Ana Aslan case«, Petru Maior University of Targu Mures, Nang Yan Business Journal, Romania.
- Deepak, JSai, (2008):» Protection of Traditional Handcrafts under Indian Intellectual Property Law«, Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol.13, NO.3.
- Farley, Christine height, (1997): »Protecting Folklore: Is Intellectual Property the Answer«, Connecticut Law Review, Vol.30. 
- Ghafele, Roya, (2008): »An IPBased Growth starting for Omans Tourism«, Intellectual Property and Economic Development Division. 
- Ghafele, Roya, (2011): »How developing countries can benefit from intellectual property: the role of collective marks in tourism«, University of Oxford, Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
- Idris, Kamil, (2003): »Intellectual Property- a Power Tool for Econimic Growth«, WIPO.
- LaRaine Ingram, Keisha, (2014):  »Intellectual Property Protection for Brand Jamaicas Creative Industries«, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania, kereoca@gmail.com.
- Mevhibe, Albayrak  and Melda Ozdemir, (2012): »The role of Geographical Indication in Brand making of Turkish handcrafts«, University Agricultural Faculty Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Ankara- Turkey, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, Vol. 11(3).
- Nanayakkara, Tamara, (2011): »Role of Intellectual Property in Enhancing the Competitiveness of the Tourism Industry«, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Division, World Intellectual Property Organization.
- Nkomo, Moses, (2014): »TheRole and Importance of Effective IP asset Management in Enhancing the Competitiveness and Productivity of Small and Medium Enterprises«, The Zimbabwean Experience.  
- Paolo Russo, Antonio, (2011): »Establishing Alternative Tourism: mobilising and defending localised knowledge as collective property«, University i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain, Association for Culture and Tourism Exchange.
- Posey, Darrell A, and Dutfield, Graham, (1996):»Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities«, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada K1G 3H9.
- R.Hall, Derek and Kirkpatrick, Irene, (2005): »Rural Tourism and Sustainable Business«,https://books.google.com.
- Speriusi-Vlad, Alin, (2014): »Intellectual Property and Tourism Industry: From ACTA Protest towards a Restrictive Interpretation of Innovation Regulations«, University of Timisoara, Romania, EDP Sciences.
- St. Michael, Barbados, (2010): »Agro-Tourism: linking Agriculture and Tourism«, Carbbean Tourism Organization, On Financial place, Collymore, Email: ctobar@caribsurf.com
- Ullam, Shafi and Ahmad, Manzoor and Gaader, Kamisan, (2013): »Nation Branding, Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development Nexus«: A Prescriptive Approach, AFTAB ALAM, Department of Marketing college of Business Administration, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
- WIPO, (2012): »Intellectual  Property and Traditional Cultural Expression /Folklore«, Booklet nº1.  
- WIPO, (2014): »Intellectual Property and Tourism: Supporting Development Objectives and Protecting Cultural Heritage in Egypt and Other Developing Countries«, prepared by the Secretariat,  Thirteen Session, Geneva.