Private Law Research

Referees 2023

Referees

Referees 2021

Referees

Referees

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Seller's Obligations in Material Conformity of Goods with Digital Elements in EU Directive 2019 and its Status in Iranian Law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

2 PhD Student in Private Law, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

The digital revolution has led to growing smart goods, which today have become an important economic and social element. This has prompted the European Union to lay down provisions on the basic elements of the sale of goods, including material conformity of digital goods, in order to make the most of the existing capacity and economic growth of its member countries. The issue of material conformity of goods with the contract has always played a central role in domestic and international sales transactions. The mentioned directive, contrary to the domestic laws of most countries, provides a single concept of goods conformity and implements the same performance guarantee in case of non-conformity. But in Iranian law, there is no specific regulation on the subject of goods conformity, and it sporadically provides subtle distinctions on the subject of goods conformity, which has caused differences between lawyers and court opinions, and as a result, the lack of development of cross-border transactions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine the seller's obligations regarding the material conformity of digital goods with the contract by examining the aforementioned instructions and to analyze this situation in Iranian law. These studies showed that in the sale of digital goods, the subjective and objective requirements of conformity, in addition to the physical component of the goods, must also be present in its digital component, and the seller is committed to providing updates. However, there is no explicit text in this regard in Iranian law, but traces of these requirements can be found in scattered laws.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Emami, H., Civil Rights, Volume 1, Edition 24, (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2005). (In Persian)
Jafari L., M. J., Encyclopedia of Civil and Commerce, Edition 1, (Tehran: Gange Danesh, 2009). (In Persian)
Katozian, N., Certain contracts, Volume 1, Edition 3, (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2021). (In Persian)
Katozian, N.,  Legal Practices, Edition 15, (Tehran: Sherkate Sahami publications, 2017). (In Persian)
Mohaghegh D. M.; Qanawati, J.; Vahdati Shabir, S. H.; Abdipour Fard, E., Contract Law in Imami Jurisprudence, (Qom: Hozeh and University Research Institute, 2010). (In Persian)
Safai, S. H., General Rules of Contracts, Volume 2, Edition 28, (Tehran: Mizan Publications, 2017). (In Persian)
Safai, S. H., International sales rights, Edition 6, (Tehran: Tehran University publications, 2015). (In Persian)
Shahidi, M., Formation of contracts and obligations, Volume 1, Edition 13, (Tehran: Majd publications, 2018). (In Persian)
Shaareyan, E.; Rahimi, F., “material compliance of goods with the contract in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods approved in 1980 and Iranian law”, International legal journal, Volume 31, Issue 51, (2013). (In Persian)
Tari, H.; Qasimzadeh, M.; Mohammadi, S, “Analysis of the legal relationship between the seller's right to eliminate non-compliance and the buyer's right to invalidation (a comparative study of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Unidroit principle, and Iranian law)”, Journal of Comparative Law Research,Volume 24, Issue 2, (2019). (In Persian)
ب) انگلیسی
Beale, H. “Scope of application and general approach of the new rules for contracts in the digital environment”, In Workshop of JURI-Committee of the European Parliament, PE 536.493, (2016). pp. 1-30. Available at:10.10.2021:
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/233497/pe_536.493_print.pdf
Beale, H. “Digital Content Directive and Rules for Contracts on Continuous Supply”, J. Intell. Prop. Info. Tech. & Elec. Com. L., Vol. 12, Issue. 2, (2021). pp.96-110.
Carvalho, J. M. “Sale of goods and supply of digital content and digital services–overview of directives 2019/770 and 2019/771”, Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, Vol. 8, Issue. 5, (2019). pp. 194-201.
Claeys, I.; Vancoillie, J. “Remedies, modification of digital content and right to terminate long-term digital content contracts”, In Digital content & distance sales: new developments at EU level, Vol. 15, Issue. 4, (2017). pp. 167-232.
De Almeida Alves, M. “Directive on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services & the EU data protection legal framework: are worlds colliding?”, UNIO–EU Law Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2019). pp. 34-42.
De Luca, V. “The conformity of the goods to the Contract in International Sales”. Pace Int'l L. Rev., Vol.27, Issue. 1, (2015). pp. 163-257.
Emami, H. Civil Rights. (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2005). [In Persian]
Grochowski, M. “European Consumer Law after the New Deal: A Tryptich”, Yearbook of European Law, Vol. 39, No. 1, (2021). pp. 387-422.
Helberger, N., Loos, M. M., Guibault, L., Mak, C., & Pessers, L. “Digital content contracts for consumers”, Journal of consumer policy, vol. 36, Issue. 1, (2013). pp. 37-57.
Howells, G. G. “Reflections on Remedies for Lack of conformity in Light of the Proposals of the EU Commission on Supply of Digital Content and Online and Other Distance Sales of Goods: In European Contract Law and the Digital Single Market: The Implications of the Digital Revolution” (Edited by: De Franceschi, A), (Intersentia: Cambridge University Press, 2016).
Jafari L., M. J. Encyclopedia of Civil and Commerce, (Tehran: Gange Danesh, 2009). [In Persian]
Kalamees, P. “Goods with Digital Elements and the Seller's Updating Obligation”, J. Intell. Prop. Info. Tech. & Elec. Com. L., Vol. 12, Issue. 2, (2021). pp. 131-142.
Katozian, N. Certain contracts. (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2021).  [In Persian]
Katozian, N. Legal Practices. (Tehran: Sherkate Sahami publications, 2017).  [In Persian]
Mohaghegh D. M., Qanawati, J., Vahdati Shabir, S. H. & Abdipour Fard, E. Contract Law in Imami Jurisprudence. (Qom: Hozeh and University Research Institute, 2010). [In Persian]
Loos, M. “The (proposed) transposition of the Digital Content Directive in The Netherlands, in Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology, and Electronic Commerce Law (Jipitec)”, Amsterdam Law School Research Paper, vol. 12, Issue. 2, (2021). pp. 228-240.
Namyslowska, M., Jablonowska, A., & Wiaderek, F. “Implementation of the Digital Content Directive in Poland: A Fast Ride on a Tandem Bike against the Traffic.” J. Intell. Prop. Info. Tech. & Elec. Com. L., 12, Vol. 12, Issue. 2, (2021) pp. 240-248.
Raijada, D., Wac, K., Greisen, E., Rantanen, J., & Genina, N. “Integration of personalized drug delivery systems into digital health”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 176, (2021). pp. 1-19.
Pihlajarinne, T.; Vesala, J.; Honkkila, O. Online Distribution of Content in the EU, Cheltenham UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited (2019).
Rott, P. “The Digitalisation of Cars and the New Digital Consumer Contract Law”. J. Intell. Prop. Info. Tech. & Elec. Com. L., Vol. 12, Issue. 2, (2021). pp. 156-168.
Safaei, S. H. General Rules of Contracts. (Tehran: Mizan Publications, 2017). [In Persian]
Safaei, S. H. International sales rights. (Tehran: Tehran University publications, 2015). [In Persian]
Shahidi, M. Formation of contracts and obligations. (Tehran: Majd publications, 2018). [In Persian]
Shaareyan, E., Rahimi, F. “material compliance of goods with the contract in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods approved in 1980 and Iranian law”. International legal journal. (2013). [In Persian]
Schulze, R. Supply of digital content–a new challenge for european contract law. European Contract Law and the Digital Single Market. The Implications of the Digital Revolution: (Edited by: De Franceschi, A), (Intersentia: Cambridge University Press 2016). pp.127-144.
Sein, K. “The Applicability of the Digital Content Directive and Sales of Goods Directive to Goods with Digital Elements”, Juridica International, Vol 30, (2021). pp. 23-31.
Straetmans, G.; Meys, S. “Digital Content and Distance Sales New Developments at EU Level: The new proposals for directives concerning digital content and online/distance sales: what impact on consumer protection?”, In Digital content & distance sales/Claeys, (2017). pp. 307-361.
Synodinou, T. E., Jougleux, P., Markou, C., & Prastitou, T. EU Internet Law in the Digital Era: Regulation and Enforcement, (Switzerland: Springer, 2019).
Tari, H., Qasimzadeh, M., Mohammadi, S. “Analysis of the legal relationship between the seller's right to eliminate non-compliance and the buyer's right to invalidation (a comparative study of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Unidroit principle, and Iranian law)”. Journal of Comparative Law Research, 2019). [In Persian]
Twigg-Flesner, C. Conformity of Goods and Digital Content/Digital Services. El Derecho privado en el nuevo paradigma digital, Barcelona-Madrid, Marcial Pons (2020).
Wei, D., Nehf, J. P., & Marques, C. L. (Eds.). Innovation and the Transformation of Consumer Law: National and International Perspectives, Singapore: Springer, 2020).
Wendehorst, C. “Sale of goods and supply of digital content–two worlds apar ?: Why the law on sale of goods needs to respond better to the challenges of the digital age”. Policy Department C in-depth analysis, PE, 556.928 (2016). Available at :10.10.2021:
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/98774/pe%20556%20928%20EN_final.pdf.
Private Law Research
Volume 11, Issue 42
March 2023
Pages 247-276
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics