Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Private and Islamic law, faculty of law and political science, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Private Law, Doctoral Student of Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The nature of the Mudarabah contract requires acceptance of benefit and loss at the same time, which has always been the concern of law and economics. The difference of opinion in the application of the guarantee condition in this contract and the different understanding of jurisprudence and its application in the law have limited the space for the effectiveness of Mudarabah. It seems that this dispute can be resolved in the context of the modern legal system and with the presence of the school of positivism, which has an emerging role in the subject laws, along with the generality of Muslim jurisprudence. In fact, the result of the interaction of the two schools is the reason for the implicit establishment of sovereignty that positivism refers to in the heart of the laws. This research reveals that the meeting place and the creation of disagreement in the discussion of guarantee conditions in Mudarabah, in line with the rules of the school of positivism, can be resolved by maintaining the ideals of legal and jurisprudential justice and economic efficiency. Therefore, the application of the law in attaching a new contract to Mudarabah is not necessary, and it is possible to explain the investment with the condition that the investor does not guarantee the damage to the capital in the form of identifying a new contract.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Al-Sharif, Mohammad Mahdi, Logic of Law, (Tehran: Publishing Company, 2012).
- Emami, Hassan, Civil Rights, Vol. 2, (Tehran: Islamiya Publications, 2017).
- Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Mohammad Hasan, Explanatory of the twelve issues of Marja Taqlid, Vol. 2, (Qom: Ahl al--- Bayt Educational Research and Publishing Institute,1999).
- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar, Philosophy of Civil Rights, Volume 2, (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2010).
- Haeri, Masoud, an analysis of Article 10 of the Civil Code, (Tehran, Kayhan Publishing House, 2013).
- Hekmatnia, Mahmoud, Public Opinions (Basics of Credibility and Territory), (Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, 2012).
- Khomeini, Ruhollah, Sahifa Noor, vol. 20, (Tehran: Organization of Cultural Documents of the Islamic Revolution,1990).
- Rasakh, Mohammad, monitoring and balance in the constitutional rights system, vol. 2, (Tehran: Drak, 2016).
- Zaranshan, Shahram; Mirjafari, Hossein, "The Place of Legal Positivism in the United Nations", Public Law Studies, Volume 48, Number 4 (2017).
- Saket, Mohammad Hossein, a historical perspective on the philosophy of law, (Tehran: Jahan Mazazer publishing company,1991).
- Sobhani, Jafar, Lessons outside of jurisprudence: the discussion of companies, sessions 12/13/15/19/20/7 (2008(
- Shahbazi, Mohammad Hossein, Basics of Necessity and Permissibility of Legal Actions, (Tehran: Mizan Publishing House, 2015).
- Shahidi, Mehdi, Formation of contracts and obligations, (Tehran: Majd Publications, 2013).
- Safar, Mohammad Javad, "Criticism and legal analysis of Article 558 of the Civil Code regarding the Mudarab guarantee clause", Mofid Letter, No. 14 (1998).
- Alidoust, Abulqasem, "General Evidence of Contracts", Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt, No. 66 and 67 (2011).
- Ghasemi Asl, Mohammad Javad, investigation and analysis of the position of induction in the method of Martyr Sadr in Islamic economics, (Qazvin: Imam Khomeini Research Institute "Ra", 2013).
- Katouzian, Nasser, Moin contracts, vol. 2, (Tehran: Sahami Atahi Co., 2009).
- Katouzian, Nasser, Civil rights of pledge and peace. (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2018).
- Katouzian, Nasser, Civil Rights (Partnerships: Peace), (Tehran: Shareholding Publishing Company,2006).
- Katouzian, Nasser, Civil Law in the Current Legal Order, (Tehran: Mizan, 2013).
- Mukhtarchaharbari, Akbar; Farahzadi, Aliakbar, "Determining the scope of the principle of freedom of contract in the light of the theory of right and ruling", Uzmeh Fiqh Madani, No. 21 (2019).
- Motahari, Morteza, an introduction to Islamic worldview, (Tehran: Sadra, 1996).
- Malekian, Mustafa, History of Western Philosophy, vol. 4, (Tehran: Department of Cooperation and University, 1998).
- Nabavi, Lotfollah, Fundamentals of Philosophical Logic, (Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University, 2009)
- Hashemi, Mohammad, "Refining the Laws and the Ways to Follow", Majles and Research, No. 3, Majlis and Research (1993).
ب) عربی
ابن ادریس، محمد بن منصور حلّى، السرائر الحاوی لتحریر الفتاوى، (قم: دفتر انتشارات اسلامى وابسته به جامعه مدرسین حوزه علمیه قم،1410).
ابن براج، عبدالعزیزبن تحریر طرابلسى، المهذّب، ج 1، (قم: دفتر انتشارات اسلامی، 1406).
ابن حمزه، محمد بن على طوسى، الوسیله الی نیل الفضیلة، (قم: کتابخانه عمومی آیت‌الله‌مرعشی نجفی «ره»، 1408).
In arabic
Ibn Idris, Muhammad bin Mansour Hali, Al-Saraer al-Hawi for Tahrir al-Fatawi, (Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Society,1989).
Ibn Baraj, Abd al-Aziz bin Tahrir Tripoli, Al-Mahdhab, vol. 1, (Qom: Islamic Publishing House,1985).
Ibn Hamzah, Muhammad bin Ali Tousi, al-Wasila al-Nil al-Fadilah, (Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi public library,1987).
Khomeini, Ruhollah, al-Uruwa al-Waqhi with Ta'aliq al-Imam al-Khomeini, vol. 2, (Qom: Institute for Editing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini "Ra",2008).
Khomeini, Ruhollah, Kitab al-Bay, (Qom: Ismailian Publications1989).
Gharavi Naini, Mohammad Hossein, Punishment of the Ummah and Tanziyeh al-Mulleh, (Qom: Bostan Kitab, 2012).
Hiraamili, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Vasal al-Shia, Vol. 19, (Qom: Al-Al-Bayt Institute "A",1988).
Hosseini Aamili, Mohammad Javad, Miftah al-Karamah fi Sharh Qaaba al-Allamah, vol. 7, (Qom: Islamic Publication Institute, 2011).
Hakim, Mohammad Taqi, Usul al-Ameh for Comparative Fiqh, (Beirut: Al-Nabi Institute, 1979).
Khoei, Abu al-Qasim, Kitab Al-Madarabah, vol. 21, (Qom: Al-Mattabah Al-Alamiya,1987).
Khoei, Abu al-Qasim, al-Dros fi ilm al-usul (the 3rd circle), (Qom: Dar al-Sadr,2008).
Sobhani, Jafar, Nizam al-Talaq fi al-Shari'a al-Islamiyya al-Ghara, (Qom: Institute of Imam Sadiq "A", 1993).
Martyr Thani, Zain al-Din bin Ali al-Omili, Masalak al-Afham al-Tankih Shar'i al-Islam, Volume 4, (Qom: Al-Maarif al-Islamiya Institute,1992).
Sheikh Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Al-Mabusut fi fiqh al-Umamiyah, vol. 3, (Tehran: Al-Maktab al-Mortazawiyya,2008).
Sadr, Mohammad Baqir, Ekhtazna, translated by Abdul Ali Espahabdi, (Beirut: Dar al-Ta'arf Lebanon,1978).
Tabatabaei Yazdi, Mohammad Kazem, Al-Arwa Al-Waghhi, vol. 5, (Qom: Nashr-e-Islami Institute, 1999).
Tabatabaei, Mohammad Hossein, Nahayeh al-Hikma, (Qom: Islamic Publications,2008).
Faiz Kashani, Hilmasan, Al-Wafi, vol. 18, (Isfahan: Maktab al-Imam Amir al-Mominin "AS",1985).
Qalaji, Mohammad, The Dictionary of Linguistics, Volume 2, (Qom: Library of Jurisprudence School, No date).
Karki, Ali, Jami al-Maqasad fi Sharh Al-Qasas, vol. 8, (Qom: Al-Bayt Institute "A",1993).
Muhaddith Qomi, Abbas, Al-ghayyah al-ghayyah fi tarajh al-arwa al-Wathqi, vol. 2, (Qom: Sobh Pirouzi Manshurat. 2002).
Mohagheq Hali, Najm al-Din Jafar bin Hasan, Sharia al-Islam, vol. 2, (Qom: Islamic Publishing House,1999).
Naini, Mohammad Hossein, Ajud al-Tagharirat, vol. 2, (Tehran: Sahib al-Amr "Aj" Publishing House,1998).
Najafi, Mohammad Hasan, Jawaharlal Kalam in the Description of Islamic Laws, vol. 26, (Lebanon: Dar Ihiya al-Tarath al-Arabi,1988).
پ) انگلیسی
Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, At Introduction to Jurisprudence, 6th. By M.D.A, Freeman, Sweet and Maxwell, (1996).
Burton, J. K. & Merrill, P. F, “Needs assessment: Goals, needs and priorities”, L. J. Briggs, Introduction to Instructional Design, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications. (1977).
Brigit White Is There a Place for Morality in Law? (1996)
H.L.A. Hart, the European Journal of International Law Vol. 21 no. 4 EJIL (2011).
Lon. Fuller, “Positivism and Fidelity to Law- A Reply to Professor Hartˮ, 71HARV.L.REV. (1957).
Russell Hardin, “Law and Social Order Philosophicalˮ Social and Political and Legal Philosophy. Issues II, Vol. 21 No. 4 (2010).
)