Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor at Law and political faculty. Allameh Tabataba’i University. Tehran,Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in Private Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran,Iran

Abstract

The subject matter of the claim form is determined by the claims of the parties in the claim form and the defense bills, so the scope of the court in the proceedings will be determined. However, among the elements raised by the parties, there are facts that neither of them has explicitly cited in order to benefit from its legal effects. Moreover, the judge was able to legitimately inform them because it arises from the more general claims of the parties or the documents presented in the case file. These are called Adventitious facts. The question is; “Is it possible for the court to deal with these facts?” Examining the various dimensions of the case shows that accepting the judge's ability to identify these facts in order to benefit from them is accompanied by ambiguities. While the judge's ability to identify and benefit from Adventitious facts is not in dispute in France, this paper attempts to address these ambiguities by focusing on French law. It seems that in Iranian legal system- despite of the lack of a comprehensive legal doctrine in this area- traces of Adventitious facts can be seen in the rulings issued by the courts.

Keywords

- Tekapo, Farid ,Comparison of factical and judicial proceedings, Doctoral thesis on private law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, under the guidance of  Khairullah Hormozi, 2019 Persian
- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar, legal encyclopedia, volume 2, fifth edition, (Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, 1996).
- -----------------------, Legal Encyclopaedia, Volume 3, Fourth Edition, (Tehran: Ibn Sina Publications, 1996).
- ------------------------, Encyclopaedia of Islamic Judicial Sciences, Volume 1, Third Edition, (Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publications, 2011).
- Hassanzadeh, Mehdi, Fathi, Badie, «The effect of civil lawsuits on the spread of appealability of votes in Iran and France with an emphasis on judicial procedure», Private Law Quarterly, Allameh Tabatabai University, Volume 7, Number 25, (Winter: 2017).
- Khodabakhshi, Abdullah, The fundamental distinction between civil laws and criminal laws, first edition, (Tehran: Shahr Danesh Legal Studies and Research Institute, Spring 2019).
- ------------------------, Laws of Claims, Volume 1, General Rules of Claims, 4th Edition, (Tehran: Sahami enteshar Company, 2021).
- ------------------------, Jurisprudential foundations of civil procedure and its impact on judicial procedure, first volume, first edition, (Tehran: Sahami enteshar Company, 2019).
- Raymond, Martin, Guiding Principles of Civil Procedure, translated by Esmaeil Shayegan, Mizan Publications , 2015.
- Samavati, Heshmatullah, Damages due to non-fulfillment of contractual obligations, third edition, Third Line Publications, (Tehran: 2005).
- Shams, Abdullah, «Cause and facts and their qualification in civil litigation», Legal Research Journal, No. 65, (Spring 2013).
- Ghamami, Majid, Azin, Seyyed Mohammad, «The mutual role of the judge and the parties in proving and evaluating the facts in civil proceedings», Law Quarterly, Journal of the School of Law and Political Science, (Summer 2008).
- Katouzian, Nasser, Authority of res judicata in civil litigation, 11th edition, Mizan Publications, (Tehran: 2019).
- Kashani, Javad, Fathi,  Badie, «Study of Implied Litigation in Iran and France Civil Proceedings with Emphasis on Judicial Procedure», Legal Studies Quarterly, Shiraz University, 13th Term, 3rd Issue, (Autumn: 2021).
- Mohseni, Hassan, Administration of civil proceedings on the basis of cooperation and within the framework of the principles of proceedings, Sahami enteshar Company, third edition, 2013.
- ---------------, Code of Civil Procedure of France, first volume, (translated) (fourth edition), (Tehran: Sahami enteshar Company, 2016).
- The deliberations and opinions of the General Board of the Supreme Court of the year 2013, Volume 8, first edition, (Tehran, 2016).
- Hormozi, Khairullah, «Changing the elements of litigation: a description of Article 98 of the Civil Procedure Law», Private Law Research Quarterly, No. 3, (Spring and Summer 2012).
- --------------, Takapo, Farid, «Logical tools of the litigation» ,Private Law Research Quarterly, Allameh Tabatabai University, 9th Volume, Number 32, (Autumn 2019).
- Decision No. 982161700420 dated 23/3/2014 Branch 87 of Tehran General Court of Law.
- Decision No. 1401390002720975 dated 9/3/1401, the second branch of the Baharestan General Court of Law.
- Decision No. 140191390001543764 dated 2/19/1401, Second Branch of Baharestan General Court of Law.
- Decision No. 9909978119501188 dated 27/11/2019, 10th Branch of the Court of Appeal of Hamedan .
- Decision No. 140128390002047135 dated 06/17/1401, Fifth Branch of the General General Court of Law General Court of Law.
ب) خارجی
 
- Amrani-Mekki, Soraya, Jeuland, Emmanuel, Serinet, Yves-Marie, Cadiet, L.oic, «Le procès civil français à son point de déséquilibre ? A propos du décret procédure», JCP G 2006.
- Bolze, Antoine, «La notion de litige juridique», lecture en ligne, 2008.
- Brus, Florence, «le principe dispositive et le process civil», Thèse université de pau et des pays de l’adour, Faculté de droit, d’économie et de gestion, 2014.
- Chainais, Cécile, Le principe dispositif: origines historiques et droit comparé, en Jeuland, Emmanuel et Flise, Laurence, (dir.), Le procès civil est-il encore la chose des parties ?, IRJS, 2015.
- Cornu, Gérard, «L’élaboration du Code de procédure civile», Reve d'histoire des facultés de droit et de la science juridiqe, 1995.
- Marjolaine, Roccati, «Le renforcement de l’office du juge: analyse d’une réforme envisagée»petites affiches, Gazette du palais. LA LOI • LE QUOTIDIEN JURIDIQUE, 2019/01/08.
- Motulsky، Henri, «La cause de la demande dans la délimitation de l’office du juge», Dalloz, 1973. D. 1964.
- Storme, Martin, «Le juge et son panier» in Mélanges dédiés à la mémoire du Doyen Héron, L.G.D.J, 2008.
- Vincent, Games, et serge GUINCHARD, Procedure civile, Paris, Dalloz, 2003.