Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In the late 1980s, imposing stringent environmental regulations in industrialized
countries increased the costs of eliminating hazardous waste, and thus its transport
to the developing and Eastern European countries began. Following the
enhancement of the amount of hazardous waste and relevant disasters in these
countries, the export of such wastes was recognized as a serious business by the
international community. Hence, in 1989, Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Principle Disposal was
prepared by the United Nations Environmental Program and adopted by different
countries. Meanwhile, in1993, Iran became a member of the Convention
subsequently referring the disposal of special waste overseas to its regulation in
Article 14 of the Law on Waste Management (2005). In relation to the damages of
transporting hazardous waste and its compensation, the Convention has designed
an Additional Protocol; attached to the double standard of strict and fault-based
liabilities with limited financial strict liability. Basel Protocol has promoted the
Basel Convention regime to ensure minimum compensation through compulsory
insurance, supplemental financial compensation and time limits for claims.
However, unlike other international conventions on hazardous waste, it has
assumed strict liability not to be undertaken by the carrier, but by the people via the
temporal distribution of responsibilities.

Keywords

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