پژوهش حقوق خصوصی

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شرط مبادله‌ی پیشرفت‌ها در قراردادهای مجوز بهره‌برداری از حق اختراع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق مالکیت فکری دانشگاه قم

2 استادیار حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

شرط مبادله­ی پیشرفت­های انجام شده نسبت به اختراعی که مجوز بهره­برداری از آن اعطا شده، امروزه به یکی از مهم­ترین شروط قراردادهای مجوز بهره­برداری تبدیل شده است. این شرط هم آثار مفید برای رقابت و هم آثار ضدرقابتی دارد که توجه ویژه حقوق رقابت را می‌طلبد. در حقوق آمریکا، این شروط که قبلاً غیرقانونی تلقی می­شدند، اکنون به­صورت موردی بر طبق ضابطه­ی منطقی و به­عنوان جزیی از کل قرارداد مورد ارزیابی قرار می­گیرند و غیرقانونی بودن آن‌ها شاید به اعلام غیرقانونی بودن قرارداد منجر شود. در اتحادیه­ی اروپایی فقط شروط انحصاری مبادله به­طور موردی بررسی می­شوند و کل قرارداد تحت تأثیر آن­ها قرار نمی­گیرد و امکان دارد بقیه شروط قرارداد از ممنوعیت کلی ماده­ی 101 معاهده­ی عملکرد اتحادیه­ی اروپایی[1] معاف شوند. در حقوق ایران، این شروط موضوعی جدید محسوب می­شوند که بر طبق قواعد عمومی قراردادها و به­دلیل متعارف بودن صحیح محسوب می­شوند. این شرط در قانون اجرای سیاست­های کلی اصل 44 قانون اساسی به­طور خاص بیان نشده و فقط در صورتی مشمول این قانون و ممنوع خواهد بود که مصداق شرط غیرمنصفانه و سوء­استفاده از وضعیت مسلط اقتصادی باشد. البته مفهوم شرط غیرمنصفانه در قانون یادشده بیان نشده و باید به­صورت موردی بررسی شود.


 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Grant-back Clauses in Patent Licensing Agreements

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Bakhtiarvand 1
  • Majid Sarbazian 2

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, grant-back clauses are one of the most important conditions in patent licensing agreements. These conditions have beneficial impact on competition and anti-competitive behaviour that require special attention by competition law. In America, the provisions that were previously considered illegal are now assessed in accordance with rational criteria and as a part of the contracts.The illegality of these provisions may lead to the illegality of the contract. In Europe, only exclusive grant-backs are subject to an individual assessment, and not as a part of more global contract.Other conditions of the contract areexempt from general prohibition considered in Article 101 of European Treaty. In Iranian law, these provisionsare new issues which can be justified by the concept of reasonableness and the general rules of contracts. This condition does not specifically mention in General Policies of Implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution.  It is forbidden if it is regarded as an unfair term oras an abusive of dominant economic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Patent
  • license
  • Grant-back clause- Competition law
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پژوهش حقوق خصوصی
دوره 4، شماره 13 - شماره پیاپی 13
دی 1394
صفحه 37-59
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