sadegh teimoori; laya joneydi; mohammad saghri; reza abbasian
Abstract
Protection of the foreign investment in a host state is one of the main concerns of international law in today’s business and economics world. However, the question of which investors’ conducts should be protected is subject to controversy. Since the occurrence of indirect expropriation depends ...
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Protection of the foreign investment in a host state is one of the main concerns of international law in today’s business and economics world. However, the question of which investors’ conducts should be protected is subject to controversy. Since the occurrence of indirect expropriation depends on the understanding of the concept of indirect expropriation, we will explore the elements and components of this concept. In spite of numerous conflicting international tribunal awards on settlement of disputes arising from expropriation and its various forms, it seems that a solution should be sought by looking at the circumstances of individual case. This article aims to provide criteria for determining indirect expropriation by focusing on the attitude of the domestic legislator as well as the international guidelines and doctrines. In doing so, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID) and Iran - United States Tribunal cases are considered.
Mohammad Shamsayi
Abstract
شرط ثبات در قراردادهای دولتی یکی از راههای تنظیم و تضمین منافع سرمایهگذاران خارجی است. علیرغم عدم مقبولیت اینگونه شروط در میان دولتهای جهان سوم و نیز دولتهای ...
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شرط ثبات در قراردادهای دولتی یکی از راههای تنظیم و تضمین منافع سرمایهگذاران خارجی است. علیرغم عدم مقبولیت اینگونه شروط در میان دولتهای جهان سوم و نیز دولتهای درحالتوسعه، محبوبیت و مقبولیت این شروط در کشورهای توسعهیافته منجر به این امر شده است که سرمایهگذاران خارجی، جذابیت دولتهای سرمایهپذیر را بر اساس ثبات در نظام تقنینی و تنظیمی این دولتها میدانند. بااینحال تنها راه تضمین این ثبات پیشبینی شروطی در قراردادهای دولتی است که اصطلاحاً شرط ثبات نامیده میشوند. ازاینرو مقالهی پیشِ رو پس از بین تاریخچه و مفهوم این شرط، به بررسی انواع گوناگون آن میپردازد. همچنین درجات مختلف این شروط بسته به هر نظام حقوقی و مطابق با موضوعات سرمایهگذاری ممکن است تغییراتی داشته باشند. اعتبار این شروط نیز در نظامهای حقوقی ملی و بینالمللی مورد توجه حقوقدانان میباشد که موضوع بخش پایانی نوشتار حاضر است.
Mohammad Reza Pasban; Zeinab Asghari
Volume 3, Issue 8 , April 2015, , Pages 43-70
Abstract
Like numerous developing countries, Iran strives to attract foreign investment in order to develop its economy. In recent years, Iran concluded many bilateral investment treaties (BIT) with a number of countries. The standard of fair and equitable treatment (FET) is one of the most significant ...
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Like numerous developing countries, Iran strives to attract foreign investment in order to develop its economy. In recent years, Iran concluded many bilateral investment treaties (BIT) with a number of countries. The standard of fair and equitable treatment (FET) is one of the most significant standards, which has frequently been considered in investment arbitration. By referring to this standard, foreign investors seek protection from the host-State in relation to legal stability and non-discrimination. The focus of the BITs and investment arbitration jurisprudence has mainly been on obligations of the host-State. There has been little discussion as to obligations of investors. This article examines the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), in transnational corporations, in the light of the FET. Although transnational corporation responsibility is substantially based on soft law and volunteer performance, a legal basis could be adopted by considering the FET. The existence of the FET in the vast majority of BITs requires transnational corporations to comply with a number of principles in the host-State, such as the right of development, labour, environment, competition and human rights laws.
