Shokat Shayesteh; Mohammad Hbibi Majandeh
Abstract
If there is a foreign factor in intellectual property disputes, then the matter of choice-of-court and choice-of-law will be arisen. The most important question in the parties’ minds is that whether they can choose the competent court and applicable law by agreement and also prevent from the complicated ...
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If there is a foreign factor in intellectual property disputes, then the matter of choice-of-court and choice-of-law will be arisen. The most important question in the parties’ minds is that whether they can choose the competent court and applicable law by agreement and also prevent from the complicated and vague process of the forum interference. The freedom of choice is accepted as a principle in the determination of competent court and applicable law in the intellectual property disputes and there are few exceptions. According to all international documents the choice-of-court agreements will cause exclusive jurisdiction unless otherwise is specified. Those agreements shall govern all rules except those of subject-matter jurisdiction. Choice of law is valid in IP contracts but there are hesitations over the ownership and infringement of IP rights. According to the most acceptable opinion, choice of law on the ownership of intellectual property including existence, validity, duration, infringement, assignment, … is not valid because of imperative nature of regulations over those subjects. Also choice of law on infringement can be enforceable only after the commitment of infringing act.
Hamed Najafi; mahmoud sadeghi; morteza shahbazinia
Abstract
Vicarious liability is one of the types of responsibilities arising from other's action. In US law, unlike Iranian legal system, there is a general rule upon which whenever under the control persons, commits a copyright infringement and thereby a financial benefit get to the supervisor, the latter, shall ...
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Vicarious liability is one of the types of responsibilities arising from other's action. In US law, unlike Iranian legal system, there is a general rule upon which whenever under the control persons, commits a copyright infringement and thereby a financial benefit get to the supervisor, the latter, shall be subject to the vicarious liability. Undoubtedly, children are among the most prominent examples of persons under the control that this usually occurs by their parents. Furthermore, in Current age, it is possible that many infringements occur by children, especially in the Internet. Parents will generally be subject to the vicarious liability for copyright infringements their children. In US law, has been suggested the probability of parental responsibility for copyright by children based on the general rule of vicarious responsibility, while it seems that the nature of the relationship between parents and children and the bases of suggesting parental liability for children's fault, demands some differences in this regard. Parental responsibility for children's torts in Iranian law, unlike US law, is based on fault and care rather than control and compliance, and this is an advantage of Iranian law.
