Heshmatollah Shahbazi; Ebrahim Taghizaadeh; Morteza Shahbazinia
Abstract
The influence of human rights in private law or in other word constitutionalization of private law is relatively a new debate in legal reasoning that constitute the subject of this research. Applying human rights in private law depends on context, legislator and judge, and reasoning method. The reaction ...
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The influence of human rights in private law or in other word constitutionalization of private law is relatively a new debate in legal reasoning that constitute the subject of this research. Applying human rights in private law depends on context, legislator and judge, and reasoning method. The reaction of different legal systems in this matter is not the same. Direct application, indirect application, judicial application, and non-application is brief of these reactions. Legal system of Iran is capable for direct application of human rights in private law. Although the courts do not use this capacity. Due to distributive justice and for modification of freedom of contract principle, we can apply the human rights and fundamental rights capacity. The human dignity is the concept that enforceable in evaluation of contractual terms and unwaivable [S1] rights so that infringe of human right can be regarded as opposite of public policy. In this research the methods and contexts of constitutionalization of private law has been examined. [S1]این کلمه کلا در فرهنگ لغت وجود ندارد. اگر کلمه تخصصی است که حفظ شود و گرنه با معادلی بهتر جایگزین گردد.
Abbas Kazemi Najafabadi
Abstract
The determination of time and place of transfer of ownership is one of the most challenging issues in international oil contracts. In oil contracts, on the one hand, the host State usually chooses its own national law as the applicable law, but on the other hand, foreign companies are usually affected ...
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The determination of time and place of transfer of ownership is one of the most challenging issues in international oil contracts. In oil contracts, on the one hand, the host State usually chooses its own national law as the applicable law, but on the other hand, foreign companies are usually affected by Common Law due to history of oil contracts. In Common Law, the transfer of ownership depends on mutual agreement, but in Iranian law, the transfer of ownership depends on legislation and it may be different based on type of contract. Most oil-rich countries consider Common Law solution based on consensus, however, in Iranian legal system, there is a need for a statute which does not currently exist as a result of repealing the previous petroleum Act. Therefore, it should be noted that in the current legal state, the determination of time and place of transfer of ownership in oil contracts, particularly in production sharing and concession contracts, is void and ineffective.
